TAIWAN. Republic of China. Chung Hwa Min Kuo. COUNTRY OVERVIEW LOCATION AND SIZE. The island of Taiwan, in Eastern Asia, is about 161 kilometers (100 miles) away from the southeast part of mainland China, and about 483 kilometers (300 miles) north of the Philippine island of Luzon.The East China Sea forms the northern border of Taiwan, the Taiwan Straits are to the west, the Philippine Sea to